Gaucher's disease can also be known as Glucocerebrosidase deficiency or Glucosylceramidase deficiency.
Gaucher's disease occurs when harmful fatty substances built up in your liver, spleen, lungs, bone marrow, and rarely
but also your brain. The build up of substances interrupts the normal way organ's work. It can cause organs to get bigger
and pain in your bones. Below shows how the bones get weaker and less dense and how an affected person's bone structure
can look on the inside.
Symptoms vary extensively from person to person but the first sympton is most commonly the fracturing of bones or
pain in the bones. Other symptoms are:
- Thinning of bones or irregular skeletal functions.
- Anemia because you dont have many healthy blood cells.
- Always being tired
- Easy bruising which can mean you have a low blood platelet level.
- Brain deterioration such as dementia or mental retardation.
- Spots of yellow in your eyes and irregular eye movements.
- Brownish coloring in your skin.
- Malfunctioning in your lungs or kidneys.
The above shows all possible outcomes for offspring from parents who are affected by Gaucher's disease.
Gaucher's disease is autosomal recessive and it doesnt matter what sex you are to get the disease. If
you have 4 kids, as shown above, there is only a 25% change that the child will get the disease, 50% chance of being
an unaffected carrier, and 25% chance of the child not being affected at all.
There are three major types of Gaucher's disease. Judgement on which type you have involves your age at
the time of your diagnosis and whether your brain and central nervous system are affected...
- Type 1: There is no brain involvement. It can occur at any age but it is most commonly seen
in adults typically 20 years old at the time of their diagnosis. It is the most common type. It is common in Jewish people.
- Type 2: This form is rare. It occurs in infants with harsh symptoms. These babies have great
brain damage that progresses quickly. People with type 2 commonly have serious complications such as seizures, abnormal movements,
and swallowing problems. These can lead to death which is why children with this type usually die around 2 years old.
- Tpye 3: This form is also rare. It is seem in children and teenagers. It has a long duration
and develops slower than Type 2. The brain is affected but it is mild. Symptoms very widely. It is more common in Swedish
people.
Other complications are major swelling, damaging of heart valves making it harder for them to open to their fullest, and
a tendancy to bleed in things such as nose bleeds or bleeding internally.
(Types 2 and 3 make up only 5% of the cases of Gaucher's disease victims)
People with mild cases of the disease have regular life expectancy but children whose illness starts when they are a baby
have a very short life expectancy.
People with Type 1 Gaucher's disease diagnosed in their childhood can have hepatosplenomegaly, pencytopenia, and crippling
skeletal disease but many affected people never have signs or symptoms and dont get medical help. Types 2 and 3 are present
in early childhood. Some people who have Parkinsonism have been seen to have Gaucher's disease at a later age. Below is a
simple chart of the parts of your body that are affected by Gaucher's disease.
If your doctor thinks you have the disease or if it runs in your family then you can
be diagnosed by having a blood test. The test measures the levels of the enzyme affliliated with the disease because people
who have Gaucher's disease have low amounts of the enzyme (glucocerebrosidase) in their bloodstream. If you are only a carrier
of the disease you will have a level of enzymes in between the amount of someone who doesnt and someone who does have the
disease. If youre test comes out positive that you have the disease your doctor will probably want you to have regular tests
to log its growth. These tests unclude Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiomertry and Magnetic Resonance Imagine Scans. If you are
pregnant and diagnosed with the disease, your doctor will want you to be tested to see if your baby is at risk.
Gaucher's disease has no cure but treatments can include Enzyme Replacement Therapy,
Bone Marrow Transplantation, and the medication Miglustat (Zavesca). You will want to see a Medical Geneticist, Hematologist,
Orthopedist, Neurologist, or a Neuro-ophthalmologist.
Going on a diet does not affect Gaucher's disease negatively or positively. Some patients
with Gaucher's disease, such as ones who have splenomegaly or thromboctyopenia, cannot play contact sports or other activities
that put them at risk for splenic rupture or bleeding.
Above is a typical Gaucher cell in the bone marrow.
This is what someone who has Gaucher's disease can look like on the outside.